Macromolecules, enzymes and properties of water

Front

What are macromolecules?

Back

Large, complex molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Back

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.

Front

What are nucleic acids composed of?

Back

Nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the primary function of enzymes?

Back

To act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in biological processes.

Front

What is the optimal pH range for most enzymes?

Back

Close to 7, but it can vary depending on the specific enzyme.

Front

What are hydrogen bonds?

Back

Weak attractions between polar molecules, such as between water molecules.

Front

What is cohesion in terms of water properties?

Back

The attraction between water molecules that allows them to stick together.

Front

What is adhesion in terms of water properties?

Back

The attraction between water molecules and other substances, allowing water to climb up plant stems.

Front

What is the role of water in biological systems?

Back

Water serves as a solvent, a temperature regulator, and a medium for chemical reactions.

Front

What is a substrate in enzyme activity?

Back

The specific reactant that an enzyme acts upon.