Cell Division and Chromosome Errors

Front

Situation:

During the S phase, a mistake happens in copying a gene responsible for cell division.

Back

Effect:

The cell carries faulty instructions. If not corrected, this could lead to abnormal proteins being made.

Possible Consequence:

Mutations may accumulate → risk of cancer.

Front

Situation:

In metaphase, spindle fibers fail to attach to one chromosome.

Back

• Effect:

• The chromosomes do not separate evenly during anaphase.

• Possible Consequence:

• One daughter cell ends up with an extra chromosome, the other with one missing.

Front

Situation:

A cell with damaged DNA bypasses the G1 checkpoint.

Back

• Effect:

• Instead of repairing DNA damage, the cell continues dividing.

• Possible Consequence:

• Damaged DNA gets copied → uncontrolled cell division → tumor formation.

Front

• Situation:

• The nucleus divides normally, but cytokinesis fails.

Back

• Effect:

• One cell ends up with two nuclei (binucleated cell).

• Possible Consequence:

• The abnormal cell may malfunction or die.

Front

• Situation:

• A cell with severe DNA damage ignores signals to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Back

• Effect:

• The cell continues to divide despite being abnormal.

• Possible Consequence:

• May lead to tumor development or cancer.