Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

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Types of bipolar spectrum disorders

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Bipolar spectrum disorders include Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymic Disorder, and other specified and unspecified bipolar and related disorders.

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Contributing factors and theory of origin of bipolar spectrum disorders

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Contributing factors may include genetic predisposition, neurochemical imbalances, and environmental stressors. Theories of origin often focus on a combination of these factors.

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Comparison of manic and depressive episodes

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Manic episodes are characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior, while depressive episodes involve low mood, fatigue, and feelings of hopelessness.

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Appropriate care for patients in various stages of mania

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Care may include medication management, psychotherapy, lifestyle modifications, and monitoring for safety and stability.

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Important assessment and patient education points for patients taking Lithium

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Important points include monitoring blood levels, recognizing signs of toxicity, maintaining consistent salt and fluid intake, and understanding potential side effects.

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Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

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Cycle between depression and mania or co-occurring (mixed features)

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Average age of onset

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18

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Common comorbidities with anxiety

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Impulse control disorder, ADHD, substance use disorder, cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, endocrine disorders, type 2 diabetes, and obesity

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Conditions that can change brain chemistry

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CNS tumors, TBI, hyperthyroidism, seizure disorders, and infectious diseases such as HIV

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Possible association with multiple genes

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Theory suggests a possible association with multiple genes.