Neutralization

Front

Neutralization Reaction Noun

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[noo-truh-li-zay-shun ree-ak-shun]

Back

Neutralization Reaction

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A chemical reaction where an acid and a base in an aqueous solution combine to produce a salt and water.

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Example: An acid (Hydrogen Chloride) and a base (Sodium Hydroxide) react, causing their ions to rearrange and form a neutral salt (Sodium Chloride) and water.

Front

Salt Noun

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[sawlt]

Back

Salt

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An ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid, formed during neutralization.

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Example: This diagram shows the molecular structure of a salt, which is a crystal lattice formed by positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-).

Front

Spectator Ions Noun

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[spek-tay-ter eye-ons]

Back

Spectator Ions

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Ions that exist in a solution but do not actively participate in the overall chemical reaction, appearing unchanged.

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Example: This diagram shows that spectator ions, like Na+ and NO3-, are present as free ions both before and after a chemical reaction occurs.

Front

Net Ionic Equation Noun

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[net eye-on-ik ih-kway-zhun]

Back

Net Ionic Equation

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A chemical equation that shows only the ions and molecules directly involved in the reaction, with spectator ions omitted.

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Example: This diagram shows that when sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) solutions mix, the sodium (Na+) and nitrate (NO3-) ions remain dissolved as 'spectators'.

Front

Titration Noun

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[ty-tray-shun]

Back

Titration

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A laboratory method used to determine an unknown solution's concentration by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

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Example: This diagram shows the laboratory setup for titration, a method to find the concentration of a solution by reacting it with another known solution.

Front

Titrant Noun

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[ty-trunt]

Back

Titrant

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The solution of precisely known concentration that is added during a titration to react with the substance being analyzed.

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Example: This diagram shows a titration, where the titrant (strong acid) is the solution in the burette being slowly added to neutralize the analyte below.

Front

Equivalence Point Noun

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[ih-kwiv-uh-luns poynt]

Back

Equivalence Point

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The point in a titration where the amount of added titrant is stoichiometrically equal to the amount of analyte present.

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Example: This graph shows how pH changes during neutralization. The equivalence point is the steepest part of the curve, where the acid and alkali have completely reacted.

Front

Titration Curve Noun

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[ty-tray-shun kurv]

Back

Titration Curve

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A graph plotting the pH of a solution against the volume of titrant added during a titration experiment.

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Example: This graph shows how the pH of a strong acid changes as a strong alkali is added. The steep jump in the middle is where neutralization occurs, reaching the equivalence point at pH 7.

Front

Acid-Base Indicator Noun

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[as-id beys in-di-kay-ter]

Back

Acid-Base Indicator

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A substance that changes color in response to a chemical change, typically a change in pH, to signal an endpoint.

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Example: An acid-base indicator, like litmus paper, changes color to show if a substance is an acid (blue litmus turns red) or a base (red litmus turns blue).

Front

End Point Noun

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[end poynt]

Back

End Point

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The point in a titration where a physical change, such as a color change from an indicator, signals reaction completion.

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Example: This diagram shows that a chemical indicator changes color over a specific pH range, signaling the end point when an acid and base are neutralized.