Atomic Structure and Ions

Front

Which scientist’s gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus?

Back

Ernest Rutherford

Front

In the modern atomic model, where are electrons most likely found?

Back

In electron clouds or orbitals around the nucleus.

Front

Compare the relative size and mass of the nucleus to the whole atom.

Back

The nucleus is much smaller and denser than the whole atom.

Front

List the three main subatomic particles, their charges, and their locations in the atom.

Back

Protons (positive, in nucleus), Neutrons (neutral, in nucleus), Electrons (negative, in orbitals).

Front

Which development came first: the idea of atoms as indivisible spheres, or the discovery of empty space within atoms?

Back

The idea of atoms as indivisible spheres.

Front

Why are electrons not drawn into the nucleus despite being negatively charged?

Back

Due to their energy levels and the principles of quantum mechanics.

Front

Which particle determines the identity of an element?

Back

Proton.

Front

What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

Back

An atom is neutral, while an ion has a net charge due to loss or gain of electrons.

Front

If an atom has 15 protons and 18 electrons, what is its net charge?

Back

-3 (it is an anion).

Front

A cation is formed when an atom loses electrons. True or False? Explain.

Back

True; a cation is positively charged due to loss of electrons.