Rights guaranteed by the 14th Amendment

Citizenship and equal protection under the law.

Right secured by the 15th Amendment

The right to vote for all men, regardless of race.

Andrew Johnson's approach to Reconstruction

Quick reconciliation with the Union, limited pardons for ex-rebels, and no support for black suffrage.

Andrew Johnson during his presidency

He was impeached but acquitted by one vote.

Outcome of the impeachment attempt against Andrew Johnson

The end of military occupation in the South and the withdrawal of Reconstruction policies.

Result of the Compromise of 1877

The end of military occupation in the South and the withdrawal of Reconstruction policies.

Laws enacted in the South to restrict the rights of freedmen and maintain white supremacy.

A system where former slaves worked land owned by others in exchange for a share of the crops, often leading to debt.

Role of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction

To reinforce segregation and social control through intimidation and violence.

Significance of the Slaughterhouse Cases (1870)

They distinguished between national and state citizenship, undermining the legal authority of Reconstruction.

Impact of the 1876 election on Reconstruction

Rutherford Hayes was elected, leading to a compromise that ended Reconstruction policies.

Homestead Act of 1862

160 acres of land to any head of household for a small fee, promoting settlement in the West.

Conditions of the Homestead Act

Applicants had to build a residence and make the land productive within five years.

Legal outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation was constitutional under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Racial discrimination and segregation supported by law, treating certain races as second-class citizens.

Long-term effect of the Reconstruction era

It set the climate for racial segregation and discrimination that persisted for decades.

Emancipation Proclamation representation

A presidential war declaration aimed at freeing slaves in rebelling states, but its legality was debated post-Civil War.

Significance of the 14th Amendment in relation to Reconstruction

It aimed to protect the rights of freedmen from state infringement.

Challenges faced by freedmen after the Civil War

Disenfranchisement, segregation, and economic exploitation through sharecropping.

Impact of Northern fatigue with Reconstruction by the 1870s

It allowed Southern whites to regain control and led to the dismantling of Reconstruction efforts.

A dissenter in the Supreme Court who recognized the racial dangers inherent in segregation decisions.

Implications of the Plessy v. Ferguson case on segregation

It established that segregation was not a mark of inferiority and created a binary racial structure in the U.S.

Legal classification of race affecting Mexican Americans

Mexicans were deemed 'another kind of white people' but still socially inferior, affecting their legal rights.

Significance of the Naturalization Act of 1790

It restricted U.S. citizenship to 'whites' only, excluding Mexicans and other racial groups.

Andrew Carnegie's contribution to the steel industry

He pioneered vertical integration in the steel industry, controlling the entire production process from mining to manufacturing.

John D. Rockefeller transformed the oil industry by establishing Standard Oil and utilizing both horizontal and vertical integration to monopolize the industry.

He established Standard Oil and utilized both horizontal and vertical integration to monopolize the industry.

J.P. Morgan's role in American finance was as a pre-eminent finance capitalist who eliminated competition through mergers and dominated American banking.

He was a pre-eminent finance capitalist who eliminated competition through mergers and dominated American banking.

Major inventions that changed urban life in the late 19th century included the telephone and electricity, which increased business efficiency and became integral to urban infrastructure.

The telephone and electricity, which increased business efficiency and became integral to urban infrastructure.

Social Darwinism is the application of Darwin's theory to society, suggesting that wealth indicates fitness and poverty indicates unfitness.

The application of Darwin's theory to society, suggesting that wealth indicates fitness and poverty indicates unfitness.

The Supreme Court protected corporations during the Gilded Age by elevating property rights above others and considering corporations as 'persons' under the law.

By elevating property rights above others and considering corporations as 'persons' under the law.

The Gospel of Wealth is an idea suggesting that the rich are natural rulers of society and have a responsibility to use their wealth for the greater good.

An idea suggesting that the rich are natural rulers of society and have a responsibility to use their wealth for the greater good.

The National Women's Suffrage Association (NWSA) was founded in 1869 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, linking gender with citizenship and voting rights.

Founded in 1869 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, it linked gender with citizenship and voting rights.

The Women's Crusade was a temperance movement in 1873-74 where women marched on taverns to pledge against selling liquor.

A temperance movement in 1873-74 where women marched on taverns to pledge against selling liquor.

Ida Barnett Wells was an anti-lynching advocate and an example of women's activism during the Gilded Age.

An anti-lynching advocate and example of women's activism during the Gilded Age.

Causes of the Panic of 1893

Factors included overextended credit, lack of cash circulation, and rampant speculation leading to a financial crisis.

Impact of the Panic of 1893 on common folk

They faced immense hardship, struggling to pay debts while many businesses sought gold abroad to stabilize the economy.

Effects of the Gilded Age on American industry consolidation

It spawned greed and corruption, leading to new strategies for industry consolidation and a friendly Supreme Court for businesses.

Significance of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

It extended U.S. citizenship to all Mexican nationals, influencing the legal classification of Mexicans in America.

Role of women's organizations during the Gilded Age

They challenged traditional gender roles and engaged in political activism for suffrage and temperance.

Effect of the 14th Amendment on African Americans post-1896

It was intended to protect their legal rights, but its effectiveness was limited until the Civil Rights Movement.

Primary goal of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

To advocate for total abstinence from alcohol and address its negative effects on families and women.

Significance of the 8-hour workday movement

It was part of women's activism aimed at improving labor conditions and promoting workers' rights.

Legal and civic benefits of 'whiteness'

It granted individuals access to rights and privileges that were denied to non-white populations.

Relationship between race and politics during the Gilded Age

Race played a significant role in shaping political rights and civic engagement, particularly for women and minorities.

Reconstruction Era Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

51 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

New Labor Codes

Back

Contracts with ex-slaves for labor, providing wages, food, shelter, and medical care, with the army able to punish those who refused to work.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau

Back

Established in March 1865 to assist poor Southerners with food and clothing, and to ease the transition from slavery to freedom for ex-slaves.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Freedmen's Bureau and abandoned land

Back

Divided it into 40-acre plots to rent to freedmen, which were eventually sold by the Bureau.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Significant event on April 15, 1865

Back

The death of President Abraham Lincoln.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

President after Lincoln's assassination

Back

Andrew Johnson, a Democrat.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Goals of Congressional Reconstruction

Back

To ensure Southern white loyalty to the nation and guarantee civil rights for freedmen.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Accomplishments of the 13th Amendment

Back

Outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

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