AP Stats CED Unit 1

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Statistics

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The study of how best to collect, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.

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Data

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Observations collected from field notes, surveys, and experiments, forming the backbone of a statistical investigation.

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Case (or Observational Unit)

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The formal name for a row in a data set, representing a single individual or object of study.

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Variable

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Characteristics recorded for each individual or case in a data set.

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Data Matrix

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A way to organize data where each row corresponds to a unique case and each column corresponds to a variable.

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Numerical Variable (or Quantitative Variable)

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A variable that takes on numerical values for a measured or counted quantity, where it is sensible to add, subtract, or take averages.

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Continuous Variable

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A numerical variable where all values within a specified range are possible.

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Discrete Variable

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A numerical variable where only specific values, usually integer values, are possible (e.g., counts).

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Categorical Variable

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A variable that takes on levels (categories), summarizing characteristics like low/medium/high.

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Ordinal

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A type of ordered categorical variable.