Exam 1 Review (STAT 240)

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What is a Randomized Complete Block Design?

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A design used in experiments where subjects are divided into blocks (groups) based on a certain characteristic (e.g., age) and treatments are randomly assigned within each block to control for variability.

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What is the purpose of using a double-blind method in experiments?

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To eliminate bias by ensuring that neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving the treatment or the control.

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What are the three pillars of experimental design?

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Control, Randomization, and Replication.

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What is confounding in the context of experimental design?

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Confounding occurs when the effects of two or more variables are mixed together, making it difficult to determine the individual effect of each variable.

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What is the first quartile in a data set?

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The first quartile (Q1) is the value that separates the lowest 25% of the data from the rest.

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Define Stratified Sampling.

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A sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples are taken from each stratum.

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What is a Completely Randomized Design?

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An experimental design where all subjects are randomly assigned to treatments without any grouping.

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What is a Case-Control Design?

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A study design that compares subjects with a specific condition (cases) to those without it (controls) to identify potential causes.

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What does it mean for a study to be biased?

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A study is biased if the results are systematically skewed due to flaws in the design, data collection, or analysis.

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What is the 50th quantile in a data set?

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The 50th quantile is also known as the median, which divides the data into two equal halves.