APES UNIT 2 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Concepts

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Biodiversity

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The diversity of life forms in an environment.

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Genetic diversity

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A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population.

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Population bottleneck

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When a large population declines in number, the amount of genetic diversity carried by the surviving individuals is greatly reduced.

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Species diversity

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The number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem.

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Habitat diversity

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The variety of habitats that exist in a given ecosystem.

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Specialists

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Species that only live under a narrow range of biotic or abiotic conditions.

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Generalists

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Species that can live under a wide range of biotic or abiotic conditions.

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Ecosystem diversity

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The variety of ecosystems that exist in a given region.

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Species richness

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The number of different species in a given area.

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Species evenness

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The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area.