Biology Flashcard: Cells and Ecology

Front

Which of the following is considered a living thing? Options: Water, Bacteria, Air, Rock

Back

Bacteria

Answer explanation

Bacteria are considered living things because they exhibit characteristics of life, such as growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. In contrast, water, air, and rocks are non-living substances.

Front

Which scientist is credited with discovering cells by observing cork under a microscope?

Back

Hooke

Answer explanation

Robert Hooke is credited with discovering cells after observing cork under a microscope in 1665. He coined the term 'cell' to describe the small, box-like structures he saw, marking a significant milestone in biology.

Front

What is the basic unit of life?

Back

Cell

Answer explanation

The cell is the basic unit of life, as it is the smallest structure capable of performing all life processes. Atoms and tissues are components of cells, while organs are made up of multiple tissues.

Front

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria

Answer explanation

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP, the main energy currency in eukaryotic cells, through cellular respiration. The other organelles listed do not have this primary function.

Front

What best describes a symbiotic relationship?

Back

Two organisms living together and interacting closely

Answer explanation

A symbiotic relationship involves two organisms living together and interacting closely, which can be beneficial for one or both. The other options describe competition, predation, or isolation, which do not fit this definition.

Front

Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?

• All living things are made of cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
• All cells have a nucleus

Back

All cells have a nucleus

Answer explanation

The statement "All cells have a nucleus" is NOT part of the cell theory. While many cells do have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) do not, making this statement inaccurate.

Front

Which level of ecological hierarchy comes directly after "organism"?

Back

Population

Answer explanation

The level of ecological hierarchy that comes directly after 'organism' is 'population'. A population consists of individuals of the same species living in a specific area, making it the next level up from a single organism.

Front

Characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Back

Lack membrane-bound organelles

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, the correct choice is 'Lack membrane-bound organelles', as they do not contain structures like mitochondria.

Front

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

Back

Begins on bare rock with no soil

Answer explanation

Primary succession begins on bare rock with no soil, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat. This process differs from secondary succession, which occurs in areas with existing soil and life.

Front

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

• Controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Provides energy for the cell
• Protects the cell
• Maintains homeostasis

Back

Provides energy for the cell

Answer explanation

The cell membrane regulates entry and exit of substances, protects the cell, and helps maintain homeostasis. However, it does not provide energy; that function is primarily carried out by mitochondria.