Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Thinkers

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Scientific Revolution

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16th-17th century where thinkers challenged traditional ideas using experimentation.

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Scientific Method

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Process of observation, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion.

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Copernicus

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Heliocentric model (sun is the center).

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Galileo

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Used the telescope to help prove heliocentric model.

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Newton

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Theory of gravity.

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Enlightenment

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18th Century philosophical movement that used reason and natural law as tools for reform.

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John Locke

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Natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of property), government protects these rights, and people can overthrow them if they don’t.

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Baron de Montesquieu

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Separation of powers within government, checks and balances.

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Voltaire

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Freedom of speech, “I may not agree with a word you say, but I will defend your right to the death.”

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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Majority rules, social contract, what is best for the people may not always be best for the individual.