Understanding Language in Public Speaking (Chapter 10)

Front

What is language?

Back

A formal system of gestures, signs, sounds, symbols for communicating thought.

Front

Differentiate between denotative and connotative meaning.

Back

Denotative: Objective, dictionary definition (e.g., 'blue' as a wavelength). Connotative: Subjective, cultural, or personal associations (e.g., 'blue' as sadness, a political party).

Front

How is language fundamental to identity and thinking?

Back

Language shapes identity and influences thought processes.

Front

How can language be used to exert power?

Back

Language can exert power through euphemisms, framing debates, and influencing perceptions.

Front

Provide examples of euphemisms and their purpose.

Back

Examples: 'air support' for bombing, 'revenue enhancement' for tax increases. Purpose: To soften or obscure the reality of a situation.

Front

Discuss how the meaning of words can shift over time and its impact.

Back

Words like 'liberal' and 'pretty' can change meaning, affecting communication and perception.

Front

How can language be biased against certain groups?

Back

Language can be biased through historical gender-biased terms like 'actress' and 'mistress'.

Front

Explain how political opponents use language to frame debates.

Back

They use language, slogans, and connotations (e.g., 'pro-life' vs. 'pro-choice') to influence public opinion.

Front

How do advertisers use language to influence perceptions?

Back

Advertisers use language to create positive associations (e.g., 'homes' vs. 'houses', 'Happy Meals').

Front

Why is clarity the first concern for a public speaker?

Back

Clarity ensures the audience understands the message without confusion.