Ch 10 and 14 Review

Front

Which factor may classify a person as high risk for developing hypertension? Options: Family history, Recurrent exercise, Malnutrition, Previous cardiovascular surgeries

Back

Family history

Answer explanation

High-risk populations are at greater risk for disease than the population at large due to exposure, lifestyle, family history, and other factors.

Front

Which element in the epidemiologic triangle is capable of being infected with a disease?

Back

Host

Answer explanation

A host is defined as a living species (human or animal) capable of being infected or affected by an agent such as a disease.

Front

Which measure would a nurse use to determine infant mortality rate? Options: Total number of infant deaths in the population, Estimate of the risk for death for an infant in a given population for that year, Percent of infant deaths from a specific cause divided by the total population at risk, Number of infant deaths in the first year of life divided by the total number of live births

Back

Number of infant deaths in the first year of life divided by the total number of live births

Answer explanation

The infant mortality rate (IMR) can be calculated by dividing the number of infants who die in the first year of life by the number of live births.

Front

Which form of protection occurs when a large group of people have either been vaccinated or have had the disease?

Back

Herd immunity

Answer explanation

The term herd immunity refers to when a large percentage of the population has either been vaccinated or has experienced a disease.

Front

Which action would the nurse take first when developing a health education program?

Back

Identifying a population-specific learning need

Answer explanation

Examining educational issues, identifying barriers to learning, and choosing the most appropriate teaching and learning strategies is done after identifying the need of the population.

Identifying the need of a specific population is step one in developing a health education program.

Front

For which reason is a nurse the ideal healthcare practitioner to lead in health promotion through health education?

Back

The nurse can educate clients across all three levels of prevention.

Answer explanation

The nurse is an ideal healthcare practitioner to lead in health promotion because they have the ability to educate clients across all three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Front

To reach the desired goal of maximizing the full immunization rates for preventable communicable disease and increasing herd immunity levels, it is crucial for the nurse to:

Back

check an individual’s immunization status at each and every visit.

Answer explanation

Many interventions at the primary level, such as federally supplied vaccines and “no shots, no school” immunization laws, are population based because of public health mandate. Nurses deliver many childhood immunizations in public and community health settings, check immunization records in daycare facilities, and monitor immunization records in schools. Nurses often provide the teaching necessary to prevent communicable diseases.

Front

Health care–acquired infections (HAIs) are those acquired during hospitalization or developed within a hospital setting. Which of these statements is true regarding HAIs? Hand hygiene before approaching every client is critical in the hospital setting.

Back

Hand hygiene before approaching every client is critical in the hospital setting.

Answer explanation

HAIs may involve clients, health care workers, visitors, or anyone who has contact with a hospital. Invasive diagnostic and surgical procedures, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and immunosuppressive drugs, along with the original underlying illness, leave hospitalized clients particularly vulnerable to exposure to virulent infectious agents from other clients and indigenous hospital flora from health care staff. In this setting, the simple act of performing hand hygiene before approaching every client becomes critical. Although progress has been made in preventing some infection types, work needs to be done. Infection control practitioners play a key role in infection control programs.

Front

Immunity to disease through vaccination is known as:

Back

acquired immunity.

Answer explanation

Acquired immunity is the resistance acquired by a host as a result of previous natural exposure to an infectious agent. Having measles once protects against future infection. Acquired immunity may be induced by active or passive immunization. Natural immunity refers to species-determined, innate resistance to an infectious agent. Resistance is the ability of the host to withstand infection, and it may involve natural or acquired immunity. Herd immunity refers to the immunity of a group or community.

Front

In a community where 60 children have missed days of high school because of pertussis this past year and this rate has been relatively constant for the past 5 years, the nurse plans to work with the community to increase awareness of the seriousness of this disease for children younger than 6 months of age and to raise and maintain the immunization rates. Pertussis in this community is:

Back

Endemic

Answer explanation

Endemic refers to the constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or a population. Epidemic refers to the occurrence of disease in a community or region in excess of normal expectancy. Pandemic refers to an epidemic occurring worldwide and affecting large populations.