Module 5: The Periodic Table, Law, & Trends

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Bohr model

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An atomic model, proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, that describes the atom as a central nucleus with electrons orbiting in fixed, discrete energy levels or 'shells'.

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Electron (or Lewis) Dot Structure model

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A diagram that visually represents the valence electrons of an atom or molecule using dots around the element's symbol.

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Ground State

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The lowest allowable energy state of an atom.

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Excited State

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When an electron occupies a higher energy level than ground state.

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Emission Spectrum

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The set of specific light wavelengths emitted by an atom or substance when its electrons lose energy and fall from a higher to a lower energy state.

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Flame test

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A qualitative analytical test that identifies metal ions in a compound by observing the distinct color they produce when heated in a flame.

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Antoine Lavoisier

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18th-century French chemist widely considered the 'father of modern chemistry'.

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John Newlands (1837-1898)

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Proposed the Law of Octaves, an innovative concept for organizing the chemical elements.

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Lothar Meyer (1830-1895)

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German chemist who independently developed one of the first versions of the periodic table around the same time as Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev.

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Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)

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Russian chemist and inventor who created the modern periodic table of elements.