PAK 4 Test REVIEW: DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

The process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself, resulting in two identical DNA strands.

Front

How many nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid?

Back

Three nucleotides (a codon) are needed to code for one amino acid.

Front

What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of stop codons in protein synthesis?

Back

Stop codons signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating where the polypeptide chain should end.

Front

What percentage of nucleotides in a DNA molecule are thymine if cytosine makes up 42%?

Back

8% of the nucleotides are thymine, as adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.