6A_3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle

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anchorage dependence

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The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to a solid surface.

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benign tumor

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An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body.

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cell-cycle checkpoint

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Mechanism that monitors the preparedness of a eukaryotic cell to advance through the various cell-cycle stages.

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cyclin

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One of a group of proteins that act in conjunction with cyclin-dependent kinases to help regulate the cell cycle by phosphorylating key proteins; the concentrations of cyclins fluctuate throughout the cell cycle.

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cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)

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One of a group of protein kinases that helps to regulate the cell cycle when bound to cyclin; it functions to phosphorylate other proteins that are either activated or inactivated by phosphorylation. MPF was one example.

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density-dependent inhibition

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The phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another.

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G0 phase

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A resting phase in the cell cycle where cells are not actively dividing but can re-enter the cycle when stimulated.

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G1 checkpoint

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A stage in the cell cycle where the cell decides whether to continue dividing, pause to repair DNA damage, or enter a non-dividing state. If no go-ahead signal is given, cell enters G0.

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G2 checkpoint

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Cell cycle phase where DNA integrity is assessed before cell division. Errors can lead to cell cycle arrest or DNA repair.

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growth factor

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External growth signal; protein secreted by cells to stimulate other cells to divide.