Scientific Method Vocabulary Flashcards

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Scientific method

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A structured process of critical thinking using observation, experimentation, and analysis to test and answer questions about the physical world.

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Observation

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The process of gathering factual information using your five senses or scientific instruments.

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Question/Problem statement

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A specific, testable question that arises from an observation and directs an investigation.

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Claim/Hypothesis

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A testable prediction or educated guess that serves as a possible explanation for an observation. It is often stated as an "if-then" statement.

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Experiment

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A controlled test or investigation designed to test a hypothesis.

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Procedure

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A detailed, step-by-step plan for how an experiment will be conducted.

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Variable

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Any factor, condition, or element in an experiment that can be changed or can affect the outcome.

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Independent variable

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The variable that is intentionally changed or manipulated by the experimenter. It is the cause in a cause-and-effect relationship.

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Dependent variable

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The variable that changes in response to the independent variable. It is the effect that is measured or observed during the experiment.

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Constants

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A factor/variable that is kept constant or unchanged throughout the experiment to ensure a fair test and prevent it from affecting the results.