Ancient Greece & the Persian Empire

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Aegean Basin

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The physical geography of this region shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greek civilization.

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Greek Civilization

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The first major civilization of Europe, which emerged after river valley civilizations. It consisted of multiple independent city-states.

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City-States (Polis)

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Independent urban centers that promoted civic and commercial life in Greece.

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Athens

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A Greek city-state that developed the most democratic system of government the world had seen, emphasized the arts, and had a thriving trade system.

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Athenian Government Evolution

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Progressed through monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, and democracy.

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Draco, Solon

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Tyrants in Athens who worked for reform.

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Democratic Principles

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Included direct democracy, public debate, and the duties of the citizen.

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Sparta

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A Greek city-state characterized by an oligarchy (rule by a small group), a rigid social structure, and a militaristic and aggressive society.

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Citizenship (Greek)

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In Greek city-states, free adult males had political rights and responsibilities, while women, foreigners, and slaves had no political rights.

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Greek Mythology

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A polytheistic religion integral to Greek culture, politics, and art. It offered explanations for natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events.