Federalism and Government Structure

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Confederation

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A decentralized form of government, states are sovereign.

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Diagram comparing Confederation, Federal, and Unitary systems of government.

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Illustrates the structure and flow of authority in Confederation, Federal, and Unitary systems.

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State Government

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Operates independently from national government in dual federalism.

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Concurrent Powers

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Shared powers such as tax, road, and education.

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Elections

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Managed by state governments under reserved powers.

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Grants-in-aid

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Federal funds provided to states, allowing the federal government to aid and influence state policies.

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Purpose of categorical grants

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Gives Congress more control over how the money is spent.

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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

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A law that banned discrimination against persons with disabilities.

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Public Buildings Mentioned in the ADA

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Examples include public schools and courthouses.

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Duration of federal revenue sharing

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Federal revenue sharing existed from 1972-1986.