Genetics and Molecular Biology

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

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A double-stranded molecule carrying genetic instructions used in the growth, development, and functioning of all living organisms.

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

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A single-stranded molecule involved in protein synthesis and regulation of gene expression.

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Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

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Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

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Nitrogenous Bases in RNA

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Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

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Base Pairing Rule

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A pairs with T (or U in RNA), C pairs with G

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Double Helix

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The twisted ladder-like shape of DNA, discovered by Watson and Crick.

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Complementary Strand

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The matching DNA strand based on base pairing rules.

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Chromatin

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Uncoiled, thread-like form of DNA found in the nucleus during interphase.

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Chromosome

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A condensed and coiled structure of DNA visible during cell division.

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Replication

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The process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself during interphase.