Basic Electrical Concepts

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Circuit

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A closed loop that allows electric current to flow through it, typically consisting of a power source, conductors, and various components.

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Current (I)

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The flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A).

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Voltage (V)

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The potential difference between two points in a circuit, which drives the current, measured in volts (V).

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Resistance (R)

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The opposition to the flow of current in a circuit, measured in ohms (Ω).

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Ohm's Law

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A fundamental principle stating that the current (I) through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance (R). Expressed as V=IR.

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Series Circuit

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A circuit in which components are connected end-to-end, so that the current flows through each component in turn.

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Parallel Circuit

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A circuit in which components are connected across common points, providing multiple paths for the current to flow.

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Conductor

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A material that allows the flow of electric charge, typically metals like copper or aluminium.

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Insulator

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A material that resists the flow of electric charge, used to protect and isolate conductors.

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Switch

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A device used to open or close a circuit, controlling the flow of current.