Geological Terms and Concepts

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Dam

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A wall built across a river to hold back water. Dams can help control flooding and store water for people to use.

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Erosion

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The movement of soil, sand, or rocks from one place to another by wind, water, or ice.

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Feature

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A natural part of the Earth’s surface, like a hill, valley, or river.

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Mountain Range

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A group of mountains that are connected or in the same area.

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Nonrenewable Resource

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A natural resource that cannot be replaced easily. Example: oil, coal.

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Rate of Erosion

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How fast erosion happens. It can be slow or fast depending on wind, water, and human activity.

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Relief Map

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A map that shows the shape and height of the land, like hills, mountains, and valleys.

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Renewable Resource

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A natural resource that can be replaced naturally in a short time. Example: sunlight, wind, water.

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Rock Layer

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A horizontal layer of rocks that formed over time. Each layer tells us something about Earth’s history.

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Sediment

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Small pieces of rock, sand, or dirt that settle in a new place after being moved by water, wind, or ice.