Scientific Method Concepts

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What is a hypothesis?

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A hypothesis (假设) is an explanation based on observation and reasoning, that leads to a testable prediction.

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What is an experiment?

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An experiment (实验) is a scientific test, carried out under controlled conditions.

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What is an independent variable?

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Independent variable (自变量) is the variable that you manipulate/change in the experiment and you want to see the effect of its change.

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What is a dependent variable?

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Dependent variable (因变量) is the variable that responds to the change of the independent variable.

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What is the role of the independent variable in an experimental group?

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The independent variable (i.v.) is manipulated in the experimental group (实验组).

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What is a control variable?

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Control variable is an experimental element that is unchanged throughout the course of the investigation.

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What is a scientific theory?

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A scientific theory (科学理论) is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence.

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What is the purpose of a control group?

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The control group (对照组) is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.

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What is qualitative data?

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Qualitative data (定性数据) is descriptive information that can be observed but not measured, such as colors, textures, and smells.

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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

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Qualitative data (定性数据) describes characteristics and qualities, while quantitative data (定量数据) involves numerical values and measurements.