Histology is the study of tissue structure.

What are the four main types of tissue?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous tissue.

What is the function of Epithelial Tissue?

Epithelial Tissue covers and protects surfaces, both outside and inside the body.

What are the types of Connective Tissue?

Loose Connective Tissue, Dense Connective Tissue, Supporting Connective Tissue, and Fluid Connective Tissue.

What is the function of Muscle Tissue?

Muscle Tissue enables movement through contraction.

What are the three types of Muscle Tissue?

Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, and Smooth Muscle.

What is the role of Neurons?

Neurons transmit information through action potentials (electrical signals).

What are the components of the Extracellular Matrix?

Protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) and ground substance (hyaluronic acid, proteoglycan aggregates).

What is the difference between Exocrine and Endocrine glands?

Exocrine glands have ducts and secrete substances to surfaces, while Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

What is the function of Tight Junctions?

Tight Junctions bind adjacent cells together.

What is the significance of Stem Cells in tissue repair?

Stem Cells are self-renewing, undifferentiated cells that can divide and contribute to tissue regeneration.

What are Labile Cells?

Labile Cells continuously divide throughout life and can easily restore damaged cells.

What is Granulation Tissue?

Granulation Tissue is delicate connective tissue that consists of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries, forming during tissue repair.

What is the role of Macrophages in tissue repair?

Macrophages are phagocytic cells that remove dead cells and debris from the injury site.

What is the role of Cilia in Epithelial Tissue?

Cilia move across the cell surface, aiding in the transport of materials.

What is the difference between Simple and Stratified Epithelium?

Simple Epithelium has a single layer of cells, while Stratified Epithelium has multiple layers.

What is the function of Adipose Tissue?

Adipose Tissue cushions and insulates organs and helps conserve heat.

What is the role of Neutrophils in inflammation?

Neutrophils engulf bacteria and contribute to the inflammatory response.

What are the Cardinal Signs of Inflammation?

Rubor (Redness), Calor (Heat), Tumor (Swelling), Dolor (Pain), Functio laesa (Loss of Function).

What is the process of Regeneration in tissue repair?

Regeneration restores normal function with the same new cells, without scar formation.

What is Fibrosis in tissue repair?

Fibrosis involves the development of new cells that lead to scar formation and loss of function.

What is the function of the Serous Membrane?

The Serous Membrane lubricates and protects organs within body cavities.

What is the role of the Synovial Membrane?

The Synovial Membrane lines joints and produces synovial fluid to reduce friction.

What is the significance of the Basal Surface in Epithelial Tissue?

The Basal Surface is attached to the basement membrane, supporting and guiding tissue repair.

What is the function of the Mucous Membrane?

The Mucous Membrane lines cavities outside the body, providing protection and facilitating absorption and secretion.

What is the role of Fibroblasts in tissue repair?

Fibroblasts produce collagen and help in the formation of granulation tissue.

What is the difference between Compact Bone and Spongy Bone?

Compact Bone is solid with no spaces, while Spongy Bone contains spaces between trabeculae.

What is the function of Erythrocytes?

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) transport oxygen throughout the body.

What is the role of Leukocytes?

Leukocytes (white blood cells) are involved in the immune response.

What is the function of Platelets?

Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

What is the significance of the Cell Cycle?

The Cell Cycle is essential for cell division and the maintenance of genetic integrity.

What is the role of the Axon in Neurons?

The Axon transmits action potentials to other neurons.

What is the function of Dendrites in Neurons?

Dendrites receive stimuli and initiate electrical changes.

What is the role of Gilia in Nervous Tissue?

Gilia support, nourish, and protect neurons.

What is the function of the Basement Membrane?

The Basement Membrane supports epithelial tissue and facilitates cell migration during repair.

What is the role of the Codons in Translation?

Codons in mRNA are used to produce proteins by binding to anticodons of tRNA.

What is the significance of the Centromere?

The Centromere is the region where two sister chromatids are joined together.

What is the function of the Ribosomes?

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

What is the role of the Nucleus in a cell?

The Nucleus houses the cell's DNA and controls cellular activities.

What is the function of the Phosphate group in nucleotides?

The Phosphate group is part of the backbone of DNA and RNA, linking nucleotides together.

What is the significance of the Free Surface in Epithelial Tissue?

The Free Surface is exposed and plays a role in absorption, secretion, and protection.

What is the role of the Lateral Surface in Epithelial Tissue?

The Lateral Surface is attached to adjacent epithelial cells, maintaining tissue integrity.

What is the function of the Apical Surface in Epithelial Tissue?

The Apical Surface is exposed to the external environment or internal cavity.

Biology Flashcards Flashcards

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127 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is DNA and its structure?

Back

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a double helix composed of nucleotides, which include a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogen base, and a phosphate.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the nitrogen bases in DNA?

Back

Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Adenine.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Gene Expression?

Back

Gene Expression is the production of RNA/proteins from the DNA information.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which DNA is 'read' to form mRNA.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which mRNA is converted into amino acids (polypeptides) in ribosomes.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the stages of Mitosis?

Back

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Apoptosis?

Back

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a process that adjusts and controls cell numbers within tissues.

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