912L18.12 Water Properties

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Atom

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The smallest unit of matter

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Molecule

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Two or more atoms bonded together. Example: H₂O (water).

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Covalent Bond

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Atoms share electrons. Example: Water molecules.

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Hydrogen Bond

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Weak attraction between molecules, especially in water. Helps hold water molecules together.

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Polarity

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Water is polar—oxygen pulls electrons more strongly, making one side slightly negative and the other slightly positive.

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Cohesion

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Water molecules stick to each other. Example: Water droplets.

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Adhesion

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Water sticks to other surfaces. Example: Water climbing up a straw.

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Surface Tension

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Cohesion creates a “skin” on water’s surface. Example: Insects walking on water.

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Capillary Action

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Water moves up narrow tubes due to cohesion and adhesion. Example: Water rising in plant roots.

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Specific Heat Capacity

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Water resists temperature changes. It takes a lot of heat to warm it up or cool it down.