Observation vs Experiment

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What is an experiment?

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An experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable, allowing for cause-and-effect conclusions.

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a research method where the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables.

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What is the main difference between an experiment and an observational study?

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The main difference is that experiments involve manipulation of variables to determine causality, while observational studies do not involve manipulation and only observe outcomes.

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What is random assignment in experiments?

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Random assignment is the process of randomly assigning participants to different groups in an experiment to ensure that each group is similar and to eliminate bias.

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What is a control group?

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A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or intervention, serving as a baseline to compare the effects of the experimental group.

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What is a treatment group?

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A treatment group is a group in an experiment that receives the treatment or intervention being tested.

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What is a variable in research?

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A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types and can affect the outcome of an experiment.

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What is a dependent variable?

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A dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment, which is affected by changes in the independent variable.

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What is an independent variable?

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An independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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What does it mean to have a statistically significant result?

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A statistically significant result indicates that the observed effect in an experiment is unlikely to have occurred by chance, suggesting a real relationship between variables.