Macromolecules

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What are macromolecules?

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Large, complex molecules that are essential for life, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

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What are the four main types of macromolecules?

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Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

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What is the primary function of proteins?

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To perform a variety of functions including catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), providing structure (collagen), and regulating processes (hormones).

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What are amino acids?

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The building blocks of proteins, consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain.

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What is a polypeptide?

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A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds that folds into a functional protein.

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What are nucleic acids?

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Biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information, primarily DNA and RNA.

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What is the role of DNA?

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To store genetic information and provide instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.

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What is the role of RNA?

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To transfer genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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What are carbohydrates?

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Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as a primary energy source and structural component.

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What are monosaccharides?

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The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose.