The pope that issued the crusades in 1095 CE

(1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem

Richard the Lion-Hearted

English king, leader of the Third Crusade, agreed to a truce with Saladin

a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted.

A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.

Commerical Revolution

a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism

A medieval merchant-class town dweller.

Everyday language of ordinary people

(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology

Scholars who gathered and taught at medieval European universities.

William the Conqueror

duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England

King in 1154 and was responsible for creating the common law and jury systems.

A legal system based on custom and court rulings

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215

A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

King of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty (940-996)

King of Spain, 1556 - 1598; married to Queen Mary I of England; he was the most powerful monarch in Europe until 1588; controlled Spain, the Netherlands, the Spanish colonies in the New World, Portugal, Brazil, parts of Africa, parts of India, and the East Indies.

Assembly of representatives from all three estates

City in France where the pope moved temporarily

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054

(c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope.

The leader of the Czech religious reforms, and the spiritual founder of the Protestant reformation in the 1500's. He was convicted by the Council of Constance for heresy.

A terrible famine in 1315-1322 that hit much of Europe after a period of climate change.

A disease brought to Europe by the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helped end Feudalism. Rats had fleas that had the plague bacteria in their gut.

War between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence (1337 to 1453)

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king.

Module 11: Church & Society in Western Europe (voc

Student preview

34 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Clergy

Back

Church officials

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Sacrament

Back

sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Canon Law

Back

Church law

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Holy Roman Empire

Back

A loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

lay investiture

Back

A ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Simony

Back

the buying and selling of church offices

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Gothic

Back

relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires

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