Module 5: Classical Greece (voc)

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polis

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a Greek city-state—the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 BC

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acropolis

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a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

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monarchy

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a government headed by a king or queen

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aristocracy

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a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

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oligarchy

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a government in which power is in the hands of a few people—especially one in which rule is based upon wealth

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tyrant

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in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support

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democracy

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a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives

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helot

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in the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land

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phalanx

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a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

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Persian Wars

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a series of wars in the fifth century BC, in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire