Greek Philosophers and Early Foundations

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Who encouraged questioning and dialogue to understand truth?

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Socrates

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What did Plato believe in?

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Ideal 'Forms' and founded the Academy.

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What did Aristotle focus on?

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Empirical observation; called humans 'political animals.'

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What does philosophy explore?

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Truth through logic and reflection.

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How does theology explain the world?

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Through religious belief and revelation.

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What method does science use to explain natural phenomena?

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Observation and testing (inductive method).

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What model did Nicolaus Copernicus propose?

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The heliocentric model (sun-centered universe).

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What did Isaac Newton contribute to science?

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Laws of motion and gravity; built the mechanical model of the universe.

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What did Francis Bacon promote?

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Inductive reasoning and experimentation.

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What is René Descartes famous for saying?

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'I think, therefore I am'; emphasized reason over dogma.