N5 1.4 Proteins Flashcards

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Protein

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large molecule made up of amino acids.

produced by protein synthesis at ribosomes.

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Types of Proteins

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Structural

Hormones

Antibodies

Receptors

Enzymes

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Structural proteins

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provide structural support of cells and cell structures

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Hormones

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proteins that act as chemical messengers that trigger specific effects e.g. insulin

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Antibodies

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proteins which are involved in the immune system defences and are produced by a type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte

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Receptors

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proteins which receive messages that cause the cell to respond

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Enzyme

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biological catalyst which speeds up chemical reactions and remains unchanged by the reaction.

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Substrate

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The chemical substance(s) on which an enzyme acts.

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Enzyme-Substrate complex

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Formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate at the active site

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Specific

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Enzymes will only react with one specific substrate