Learning Patterns in Motor Skill Acquisition

Front

What are the distinct stages of motor skill learning?

Back

1. Cognitive Stage: Learner focuses on solving problems and requires high attention. 2. Associative Stage: Learner refines skills and performance becomes more consistent. 3. Autonomous Stage: Skill becomes automatic and requires less attention.

Front

What are the three main learning styles?

Back

1. Visual Learners: Learn by sight. 2. Auditory Learners: Learn by hearing. 3. Tactile Learners (Kinesthetic): Learn by touch.

Front

What is Adams' Closed-Loop Theory?

Back

It states that in motor learning, sensory feedback from ongoing movements is compared with stored memory of intended movements, involving memory trace and perceptual trace.

Front

What are the clinical implications of Adams' Closed-Loop Theory?

Back

Accuracy of movement is proportional to the strength of the perceptual trace, and patients must practice movements repeatedly to enhance the perceptual trace.

Front

What are the limitations of Adams' Closed-Loop Theory?

Back

It cannot explain open-loop movements or novel movements.

Front

What does Schmidt's Schema Theory emphasize?

Back

It emphasizes open-loop control processes and generalized motor programs, where 'schema' refers to a set of rules for producing movements.

Front

What information is stored in short-term memory according to Schmidt's Schema Theory?

Back

1. Initial movement conditions. 2. Parameters of a generalized motor program. 3. Outcome of the movement. 4. Intrinsic sensory feedback.

Front

What are the two schemas formed from information stored in short-term memory?

Back

1. Recall Schema: Selects specific responses and contains rules for producing movements. 2. Recognition Schema: Evaluates response correctness and informs about errors.

Front

What are the clinical implications of Schmidt's Schema Theory?

Back

Variability of practice enhances learning and generalized motor program rules, allowing for accurate novel movements based on previously learned rules.

Front

What are the limitations of Schmidt's Schema Theory?

Back

It is vague and lacks consistent research support for variable practice, and cannot account for one-trial learning.