Unit 6: Melanin - Genetics

Front

What is a dominant allele?

Back

A dominant allele is an allele that masks the expression of a recessive allele in a heterozygous genotype.

Front

What is a recessive allele?

Back

A recessive allele is an allele that is only expressed in a homozygous genotype and is masked by a dominant allele.

Front

What is the monomer of DNA?

Back

The monomer of DNA is a nucleotide, which consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the two main steps of protein synthesis?

Back

The two main steps of protein synthesis are transcription and translation.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

Back

During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA.

Front

What occurs during translation?

Back

During translation, the mRNA sequence is decoded to build a polypeptide chain of amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as the template that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is the function of catalase?

Back

Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, demonstrating that enzymes are reusable.

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.