10.7 Decolonization

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Mahatma Gandhi

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Leader of the nonviolent peaceful civil disobedience movement in India. Boycotted British Goods that Indians were forced to buy such as salt and clothing.

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Decolonization

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Decolonization is the movement of colonies gaining independence. Some were peaceful struggles while others became violent. Decolonization in Asia and Africa began after WWII because the war bankrupted Britain and France and the Nazis made racism look evil.

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Partition of India (1947)

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India was separated into 2 countries Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus. This led to 1 million people being killed in Ethnic Conflict.

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Muslim League (1906)

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An organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations.

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Ho Chi Minh vs Gandhi

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Both wanted independence for their people (nationalism). However, Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam) believed in armed conflict, while Gandhi (India) believed in nonviolent civil disobedience.

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Decolonization in Ghana

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Ghana gains independence from Britain in 1957. Most African countries gained independence in the years after WWII.

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Decolonization in Algeria

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Algeria gained independence from France after WWII after a violent revolution. The French did not want to leave Algeria because it is very close to France and many French people lived there.

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British Mandate of Palestine

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Ottoman Empire lost control of the Middle East after WWI to the British. British call the region that is currently Israel, the British Mandate of Palestine.

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Zionism

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A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

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Palestinian Nationalism

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National movement of the Palestinian people for self-determination in and sovereignty over Palestine.