Crusades and Their Causes

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Crusades

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A series of holy wars fought between Christian Europeans and Islamic Arabs between 900-750 years ago.

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Monotheism

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Belief in one God

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Examples of monotheistic religions

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Christianity, Islam, and Judaism

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Christianity

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The religion derived from Jesus Christ, based on the Bible as sacred scripture, and professed by Eastern, Roman Catholic, and Protestant bodies.

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Byzantine Empire (330-1453)

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A Christian Empire that once controlled Jerusalem but began losing territory to Muslim powers.

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Islam

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The religious faith of Muslims including belief in Allah as the sole deity and in Muhammad as his prophet.

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Orthodox Christian Church

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Christians who do not recognize the authority of the Pope.

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Pope

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A person who is the head of the Catholic Church.

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Papal

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Relating to the Pope