Acids and Bases

Front

What are inorganic acids composed of?

Back

Inorganic acids contain H⁺ and a negative ion (e.g., HCl, HNO₃, HBr, H₂SO₄). The H is covalently bonded to the anion.

Front

What happens when an acid dissociates in water?

Back

An acid dissociates in water to produce H⁺ ions, such as HCl (H⁺ + Cl^-) and HNO₃ (H⁺ + NO₃^-).

Front

What determines if a solution is acidic or basic?

Back

Acids have more H⁺ ions than OH^- ions, while bases have more OH^- ions than H⁺ ions. A neutral solution has equal amounts of both.

Front

What are the properties of acids?

Back

Acids have a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, have a pH less than 7, and conduct electricity in solution.

Front

What are the properties of bases?

Back

Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, turn red litmus paper blue, and have a pH greater than 7.

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration. It ranges from 0 to 14, with acids having more H⁺ ions and bases having more OH^- ions.

Front

How do you calculate pH?

Back

pH is calculated using the formula: pH = -log[H⁺].

Front

What is the relationship between pH and H⁺ concentration?

Back

Higher H⁺ concentrations correspond to lower pH values (acids), while lower H⁺ concentrations correspond to higher pH values (bases).

Front

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

Back

A neutral solution has a pH of 7, corresponding to [H⁺] of 1 × 10^-7 M.

Front

What is a neutralization reaction?

Back

A neutralization reaction occurs between an acid and a base, producing water and salt.