Understanding Energy and Motion

Front

Formula for calculating the kinetic energy (KE) of an object?

Back

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-1

Front

What is potential energy?

Back

Energy stored due to position or arrangement

Answer explanation

Potential energy is best described as energy stored due to position or arrangement. It is the energy an object possesses because of its position relative to other objects, not due to its motion.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-2

Front

What happens to the energy of a system when work is done on it?

Back

The energy of the system changes

Answer explanation

When work is done on a system, energy is transferred into the system, causing its energy to change. This is consistent with the work-energy principle, which states that work done on a system results in a change in its energy.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-5

Front

Which of the following is evidence that energy can be transferred by electric currents?

Back

A light bulb glows when connected to a battery

Answer explanation

A light bulb glowing when connected to a battery demonstrates that electric currents transfer energy, as the electrical energy from the battery is converted into light and heat energy in the bulb.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-6

Front

If the mass of an object doubles while its speed stays the same, what happens to its kinetic energy?

Back

It doubles

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy (KE) is given by the formula KE = 1/2 mv². If the mass (m) doubles and speed (v) remains constant, since we aren't squaring the mass to get the number for the kinetic energy, we end up simply doubling the kinetic energy.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-1

Front

Which scenario best demonstrates an increase in potential energy? Options: A ball rolling down a hill, A stretched rubber band, A car moving at constant speed, A melting ice cube

Back

A stretched rubber band

Answer explanation

A stretched rubber band demonstrates an increase in potential energy because it stores energy when deformed. In contrast, the other options involve kinetic energy or phase changes, not an increase in potential energy.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-2

Front

A person pushes a box across the floor. Which statement best describes the energy transfer?

Back

The box gains energy as work is done on it

Answer explanation

The correct statement is that the box gains energy as work is done on it. When a person pushes the box, they apply a force over a distance, transferring energy to the box, which increases its kinetic energy.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-5

Front

Which observation would best support the claim that energy is transferred by electric currents?

Back

A metal wire heats up when current flows through it

Answer explanation

A metal wire heating up when current flows through it demonstrates energy transfer, as electrical energy is converted into thermal energy. This directly supports the claim about energy transfer by electric currents.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-6

Front

A graph shows the kinetic energy of objects with different masses moving at the same speed. What relationship should you expect to see?

Back

Kinetic energy increases as mass increases

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy (KE) is calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 mv², where m is mass and v is speed. Since speed is constant, an increase in mass directly increases kinetic energy, confirming that kinetic energy increases as mass increases.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-1

Front

A student models a system where two magnets are moved closer together. What happens to the potential energy in the system?

Back

It decreases

Answer explanation

As the magnets are moved closer together, the attractive force increases, leading to a decrease in potential energy. Thus, the correct answer is that the potential energy in the system decreases.

Tags

NY.SCI.6-8.MS-PS3-2