Chapter 13 Holt Environmental Science

Front

What are estuaries?

Back

Estuaries are productive ecosystems where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from oceans, creating a unique environment rich in nutrients.

Front

Why are estuaries considered productive ecosystems?

Back

Estuaries are considered productive because they receive fresh nutrients from rivers and oceans, supporting diverse plant and animal life.

Front

What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?

Back

The two main types of freshwater wetlands are marshes and swamps.

Front

What role do phytoplankton play in aquatic ecosystems?

Back

Phytoplankton are primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, producing most of the food through photosynthesis.

Front

How do rivers change as they flow from mountains to flatter ground?

Back

As rivers flow down from mountains to flatter ground, they generally become wider, warmer, and slower.

Front

What distinguishes nekton from benthos?

Back

Nekton are organisms that swim freely in the water, while benthos are organisms that often live attached to a hard surface.

Front

What is the significance of wetlands in the environment?

Back

Wetlands provide critical habitats for wildlife, help filter pollutants, and act as natural water storage areas.

Front

What is the difference between lakes and ponds?

Back

Lakes are generally larger and deeper than ponds, with distinct thermal layers, while ponds are shallower and may not have stratification.

Front

What is the role of zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems?

Back

Zooplankton are primary consumers that feed on phytoplankton and serve as a food source for larger aquatic animals.

Front

What factors influence the temperature of a river?

Back

Factors influencing river temperature include the surrounding environment, depth, flow rate, and exposure to sunlight.