containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)

Limiting factor in photosynthesis

that restricts the rate of photosynthesis, e.g., light, CO $$_2$$ , temperature

application of water to soil for crop growth

used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)

a single crop species over a large area

without synthetic chemicals, using natural fertilisers and pest control

Role of potassium in plants

for enzyme activation and water regulation

yield from land using high inputs of labour, fertilisers, and pesticides

Role of phosphorus in plants

for energy transfer and root development

What is the main role of producers in a food chain?

Producers (plants and algae) make their own food through photosynthesis and form the base of the food chain.

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.

What is the purpose of greenhouses in food production?

Greenhouses provide a controlled environment for plants, optimizing temperature, light, and humidity for better growth.

What is the role of light in photosynthesis?

Light provides the energy needed to drive the chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

What is the significance of the nitrogen cycle in food production?

The nitrogen cycle ensures that nitrogen is available in a usable form for plants, which is essential for their growth.

What is fish farming (aquaculture)?

Fish farming, or aquaculture, is the practice of breeding, raising, and harvesting fish in controlled environments, such as tanks or ponds, for food production.

What are some advantages of fish farming?

Fish farming provides a reliable and sustainable source of protein, reduces pressure on wild fish populations, and allows for efficient production of fish in controlled environments.

What species are commonly farmed in fish farming?

Commonly farmed fish include salmon, trout, tilapia, carp, and catfish.

What are the main challenges of fish farming?

Challenges include disease outbreaks, water pollution, escape of farmed fish, and the use of fishmeal, which can affect wild fish stocks.

How is disease controlled in fish farming?

Disease control in fish farming involves monitoring water quality, using vaccines, antibiotics (carefully), and ensuring proper hygiene practices to prevent outbreaks.

Why is water quality so important in fish farming?

Fish require specific water conditions, such as oxygen levels, pH, and temperature, to grow and stay healthy. Poor water quality can lead to disease and poor growth.

What measures can be taken to reduce the environmental impact of fish farming?

Measures include using sustainable feed sources, improving waste management, creating closed systems (like recirculating aquaculture systems), and preventing escapes through secure enclosures.

How are fish farmed to avoid competition with wild fish?

Farmed fish are usually raised in dedicated, controlled environments such as tanks or enclosed ponds, preventing competition with wild fish for food or habitat.

How does fish farming contribute to global food security?

Fish farming can help meet the increasing demand for protein, especially in areas where wild fish stocks are declining or where fish is an important food source.

A fermenter is a large vessel used to grow microorganisms, like yeast or bacteria, under controlled conditions to produce products such as enzymes, antibiotics, and fermented foods.

How is temperature controlled in a fermenter?

Temperature is controlled by a cooling system, usually a jacket around the fermenter, to maintain the ideal temperature for microbial growth and prevent overheating.

What is the role of a stirrer in a fermenter?

A stirrer ensures that the contents of the fermenter are mixed, providing an even distribution of nutrients, oxygen, and microorganisms throughout the culture.

What types of products are produced in a fermenter?

Products include antibiotics (e.g., penicillin), enzymes (e.g., amylase), alcohol (e.g., ethanol), and fermented foods (e.g., yoghurt, vinegar).

What microorganisms are used to produce yoghurt?

Yoghurt is produced using two types of bacteria: Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus .

How is milk prepared for yoghurt production?

Milk is first pasteurized by heating it to a high temperature (about 85°C) to kill any harmful bacteria and denature proteins, ensuring the yoghurt has a smooth texture.

What is the process of fermenting milk to make yoghurt?

The milk is cooled to about 40-45°C, and then the bacterial cultures ( Lactobacillus and Streptococcus ) are added. The bacteria ferment the lactose in the milk, producing lactic acid, which causes the milk to thicken and form yoghurt.

Why is the temperature of 40-45°C important in yoghurt production?

This temperature is ideal for the bacteria to grow and ferment the lactose in the milk, leading to the production of lactic acid, which thickens the milk and gives yoghurt its texture.

How long does the fermentation process take in yoghurt production?

The fermentation process typically takes about 4-6 hours, depending on the desired thickness and acidity of the yoghurt.

What is the role of lactic acid in yoghurt production?

Lactic acid lowers the pH of the milk, causing the proteins to coagulate and form the thick texture of yoghurt. It also contributes to the characteristic sour taste.

What is the main ingredient in beer production?

The main ingredients in beer production are water, barley (or other grains), hops, and yeast.

What is the first step in beer production?

The first step is malting, where barley grains are soaked in water, germinated, and then dried to create malt.

What is the role of hops in beer production?

Hops are used to add bitterness, flavor, and aroma to the beer. They also act as a natural preservative.

What is the role of yeast in beer production?

Yeast ferments the sugars, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Food Production in Biology Flashcards

Student preview

45 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Definition of fertiliser

Back

added to soil to supply essential nutrients for plant growth

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Role of nitrogen in plants

Back

for making proteins and growth

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Greenhouse

Back

that traps heat to create optimal conditions for plant growth

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Pesticide

Back

used to kill pests that damage crops

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Hydroponics

Back

plants in nutrient-rich water without soil

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Crop rotation

Back

the type of crop grown in a field each year to maintain soil fertility

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Biological control

Back

natural predators to control pest populations

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