Violinist's Thumb Chapter 4 The Musical Score of DNA

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helix

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extended spiral chain of atoms in a protein or nucleic acid

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topoisomerase

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enzyme that loosens the supercoiling of DNA; also called gyrase

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bacteria

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unicellular prokaryotic (no nucleus) cells that can reproduce quickly; cell walls composed of peptidoglycan

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expression (of DNA)

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activation of gene by promoter proteins and other transcription factors

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polymerase

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enzyme that binds together nucleotides during DNA replication and RNA transcription

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regulatory DNA

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sequence of DNA not in a gene that increases or decreases the transcription of the gene

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genome

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the complete set of genes in a cell or organisms

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virus

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non-living pathogen composed of protein coat and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

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archaebacteria

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unicellular prokaryotic cells that do NOT have peptidoglycan cell walls; live in anaerobic (no oxygen) environments

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restriction enzyme

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enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences