Unit 6 Review - AP DNA Structure, Replication, Expression

Front

What is a repressor?

Back

A protein that binds to the operator region of DNA and blocks RNA polymerase from transcribing genes.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

If a double-stranded DNA molecule has 15% adenine, what is the expected percentage of guanine?

Back

35%. According to Chargaff's rules, adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, so if adenine is 15%, thymine is also 15%, leaving 70% for guanine and cytosine, which are equal.

Front

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of deoxyribose (a sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of making an RNA copy of a segment of DNA.

Front

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose sugar and is usually single-stranded.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C).

Front

What is the significance of the promoter region in DNA?

Back

The promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.