P2U3 04Global Energy Patterns and Trends

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What is energy security?

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Energy security is achieved when a country has a surplus of energy resources, promoting economic stability and growth.

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What is energy insecurity?

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Energy insecurity occurs when a country's energy demand exceeds its supply, leading to economic problems, poverty, political conflict, and environmental damage.

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How do physical factors affect energy demand and supply?

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Geology and climate influence the distribution and suitability of energy resources, such as fossil fuels, hydropower, solar, and wind energy.

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How do human factors affect energy demand and supply?

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Industrialization and economic needs drive energy demand, with high-income countries having advanced technologies and newly industrialized countries relying on affordable energy sources.

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What are the trends in hydrocarbon energy sources?

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Reserves are depleting, becoming costly, and their role is declining due to pollution and climate change concerns.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy?

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Advantages: Generates large amounts of electricity without air pollution. Disadvantages: Accidents and waste storage concerns.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy?

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Advantages: No pollution, unlimited resource. Disadvantages: Visual impact, harm to birds, limited lifespan of turbines.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy?

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Advantages: No pollution, free solar energy. Disadvantages: Dependence on weather, visual impact, potential harm to wildlife.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power?

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Advantages: No emissions during operation, renewable. Disadvantages: High initial costs, ecosystem disruption, vulnerability to droughts.

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What is the significance of the Paris Agreement (2015) in energy trends?

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It has spurred global efforts to reduce fossil fuel use and invest in renewable energy to combat climate change.