topic 3 - globalization and media

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5 DIMENSIONS os scapes

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1. ETHNOSCAPES - landscapes of people, flow of people across borders (tourists, migrants, refugees)

2. MEDIASCAPES - flow of images and information through media (TV, film, internet)

3. TECHNOSCAPES - global circulation of technology, technical knowledge across borders (Smartphones)

4. FINANCESCAPES - flow of capital and finance (currency exchange, bitcoin, mobile banking)

5. IDEOSCAPES - flow of political ideas and ideologies (human rights movements)

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Homogenization

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Globalization makes cultures more alike, often replacing local cultures with Western ones (but Appadurai questions this).

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Heterogenization:

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Globalization actually increases cultural diversity by mixing and adapting global and local influences.

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PRODUCTIVE LABOR

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Aktuwal na paglikha ng mga produkto

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IMMATERIAL O AFFECTIVE LABOR

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Paggawa na walang resultang produkto

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SPECTACLE CAPITALISM

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is when society is driven more by images, appearances, and media hype than by real things. It’s capitalism that sells feelings, lifestyles, and attention, not just products.

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Impacts of Media Globalization

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• Cultural Exchange - Ideas and cultures spread globally. 

• Political Influence - Media ownership shapes political opinions. 

• Economic Impact - Media industry affects jobs, advertising, and investments. 

• Social Impact - Media influences values and behaviors. 
  Challenges to Media Freedom - Ownership concentration limits diverse voices. 

• Digital Divide - Unequal media access worsens social and economic inequality.

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Marketization in Media:

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Media acts like a business, focusing more on profit and ads than on public service.

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Populism in Media:

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Media uses simple, emotional messages to appeal to “the people” and oppose the elites.

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According to Keane (2004b), there are three ways that fuel the television industry to copy one another:

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1. Coercive Morphism - when an organization is forced to comply

2. Mimetic Morphism – when an organization follows the market leader

3. Normative Morphism – when an organization chooses those norms that have become “best practices”