Database software is used to organize, manipulate, and analyze data. Functions include querying database data, producing reports, and adding, deleting, and modifying data in a table.

Control and Measuring Software

This software interfaces with sensors to measure physical quantities and control applications by comparing sensor data with stored data to alter process parameters.

Apps are software that run on mobile devices, ranging from games to sophisticated software like phone banking. Common examples include video and music streaming, GPS, and camera facilities.

Photo Editing Software

Photo editing software allows manipulation of digital photographs, such as changing brightness, contrast, and color saturation, and removing unwanted items to enhance photos.

Video Editing Software

Video editing software enables the manipulation of videos, including rearranging clips, applying color correction, and creating transitions between clips.

Graphics Manipulation Software

Graphics manipulation software allows bitmap and vector images to be changed. Bitmap editors change pixels, while vector editors manipulate lines, curves, and text.

A compiler translates a program written in a high-level language into machine code. Once compiled, the machine code can be used repeatedly without recompilation. Examples include Java, Python, and C++.

A linker combines object files into a single program. It allows programs to be broken into modules and then reassembled. This is essential for forming the final program.

Device drivers enable hardware devices to communicate with the computer's operating system. Examples include drivers for printers and memory sticks.

Operating Systems (OSs)

Operating systems manage basic functions and allow users to communicate with the computer. Examples include Windows. They handle input/output operations and security.

Utility programs perform specific tasks like antivirus checks, file management, and disk defragmentation. They help manage and maintain computer resources.

Utility software provides programs to protect the computer and user, and offers tools for day-to-day maintenance.

A program that replicates itself and can delete or modify files. It uses heuristic checking to identify malware and quarantines infected files.

Software that rearranges blocks of data on a hard disk to make them contiguous, freeing up space and speeding up data access.

Software that verifies and attempts to correct disk errors, removing or bypassing damaged data sectors.

Reduces file size, either lossily or losslessly, to save space. Lossy compression cannot reconstruct the original file.

Creates back-up files to restore data in case of corruption or loss, either automatically or manually.

Manages access control, links to virus checkers and firewalls, and uses encryption to safeguard data.

Software that enables hardware devices to communicate with the operating system, containing information like vendor ID.

Moving or still images that activate after inactivity, often used for security and background tasks.

Software that allows communication with the computer, providing an environment for applications and managing hardware complexity.

The operating system operates in the background, carrying out tasks such as security management, multitasking, error handling, memory management, and more.

Command line interface (CLI)

In CLI, the user communicates directly with the computer, can alter settings, and needs to learn commands. It is time-consuming and requires some understanding of computers.

Graphical user interface (GUI)

In GUI, the user interacts with icons on the screen, requiring no specific command knowledge. It is suitable for novices and has considerable memory requirements.

GUI interfaces are examples of a windows, icons, menu, and pointing device (WIMP) environment.

Used in devices like smartphones and tablets, allowing actions such as pinching and rotating, which are not possible in a WIMP environment.

Management of primary storage (RAM) and data movement between RAM and HDD/SSD. Prevents memory location conflicts.

Ensures data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Involves software updates, antivirus, firewalls, access rights, and data recovery.

Hardware peripheral management

Uses device drivers for input/output operations. Manages queues and buffers for optimal CPU performance.

Maintains file directories and naming conventions. Handles tasks like open, close, delete, and ensures access rights and memory allocation.

Allows multiple tasks simultaneously. Requires resource allocation, process interruption, and efficient resource use.

Management of user accounts

Allows multiple users with separate memory areas. Each user has a protected account with customizable settings. Managed by an administrator.

Multi-access hierarchy levels

Multi-access hierarchy levels ensure access to data is only allowed if a user has the correct clearance level.

Running of applications

When a computer starts up, part of the operating system is loaded into RAM, known as booting up. This is managed by the BIOS, a type of firmware stored on an EEPROM chip.

BIOS settings storage

BIOS settings are stored on a CMOS chip, which is always connected to a power supply. Users can alter settings like clock speed by changing CMOS contents.

Role of apps in operating systems

Apps are controlled by the operating system and need access to system software. Parts of the operating system may need to be loaded in and out of RAM as software runs.

Definition of an interrupt

An interrupt is a signal sent to the microprocessor to temporarily stop its current task to service the interrupt.

Interrupts can be caused by timing signals, input/output processes, hardware faults, user interaction, or software errors.

Example of a timing signal interrupt

All operations are coordinated by an internal clock. If any operation is out of sync, an interrupt is sent.

Example of an input/output process interrupt

An interrupt can be generated when a hard disk drive or printer requests more data to be sent.

Example of a hardware fault interrupt

An interrupt can occur if a printer has a jam or runs out of paper or ink.

Example of a user interaction interrupt

If a user presses the key, it sends an interrupt signal to the microprocessor.

Example of a software error interrupt

An interrupt can occur if an .exe file cannot be found or if two processes try to access the same memory location.

Key Objectives and Features of Software

Flashcard

•

Computers

•

10th Grade

•

Hard

Raihaan Ahmed Chaudary, Teacher of Computer Science

FREE Resource

Student preview

95 questions

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FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Types of software in computer systems

Back

All computer systems are made up of hardware, system software, and application software.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

General features of system software

Back

- Controls and manages the operation of the computer hardware - Provides a platform for all software to run properly - Provides a human-computer interface (HCI) - Controls the allocation and usage of resources (software and hardware)

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

General features of application software

Back

- Used to perform various tasks on a computer - Allows the user to perform specific tasks on a computer - Meets the requirements of the user

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Application software functionality

Back

Allows various tasks to be performed on a computer using applications (apps). The software can be a single program or a suite of programs.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Diagram summarizing typical application software found on computers

Back

Diagram includes examples like spreadsheet, word processor, database, editing software, and internet browser.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Word Processor

Back

Word processing software is used to manipulate a text document, such as an essay or a report. Functions include creating, editing, saving, and manipulating text, copy and paste functions, spell checkers, and importing photos/images.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Spreadsheet Software

Back

Spreadsheet software is used to organize and manipulate numerical data. Functions include the use of formulas for calculations, producing graphs, and modeling 'what if' scenarios.

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