Carbohydrates & Lipids

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What are carbohydrates?

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Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1. They are a primary source of energy for living organisms.

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What are the main types of carbohydrates?

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The main types of carbohydrates are monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (two sugars), and polysaccharides (many sugars).

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What is a monosaccharide?

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A monosaccharide is the simplest form of carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar unit, such as glucose or fructose.

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What is a disaccharide?

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A disaccharide is a carbohydrate formed by the combination of two monosaccharides, such as sucrose (glucose + fructose) or lactose (glucose + galactose).

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What is a polysaccharide?

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A polysaccharide is a complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

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What is dehydration synthesis?

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Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the joining of two molecules with the removal of a water molecule, commonly used to form larger carbohydrates.

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What is hydrolysis?

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Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the breaking down of a compound by the addition of water, commonly used to digest carbohydrates.

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What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

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The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide and store energy for living organisms.

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What is the role of glucose in the body?

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Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source for cells and is crucial for cellular respiration.

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What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates?

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Simple carbohydrates consist of one or two sugar units (monosaccharides and disaccharides), while complex carbohydrates consist of three or more sugar units (polysaccharides).