Biology Spring Final Review Flashcards

Front

Parts of the ATP molecule that have to be broken to form ADP

Back

between C and D

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy currency of the cell. It stores energy in the bonds between its three phosphate groups.

• When the last phosphate bond breaks (ATP → ADP + Pi), energy is released.

• Cells use this energy for activities like muscle movement, active transport, and chemical reactions.

Think of ATP like a charged battery—when it loses a phosphate, it becomes ADP (a used battery) and releases power!

Front

Structure labeled X shows

Back

a nucleotide

contains a backbone of phosphate and sugar and nitrogenous (Nitrogen) bases (A, C, T, G for DNA)

Front

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules.

Back

one original or 'old strand' one that is newly replicated. This is called semi-conservative because half the DNA is 'saved' during each replication cycle

Front

Nucleotide that indicates the nucleic acid is RNA.

Back

uracil (U)

Front

Type of RNA that has an anticodon and transfers amino acids to the ribosome.

Back

tRNA

Front

Complementary DNA sequence for the DNA code A C C G A T G A C.

Back

T G G C T A C T G

Front

Messenger RNA code transcribed from the DNA sequence A C C G A T G A C.

Back

U G G C U A C U G

Front

RNA codon: CAC

Back

Histidine

Front

RNA codon GGC

Back

Glycine

Front

Translation process

Back

The cell uses a messenger RNA (mRNA) code to make proteins this takes place at the ribosomes