Genetics Assessment - Biology 11

Flashcard
•
Biology
•
11th Grade
•
Hard
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15 questions
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is mRNA and its role in protein synthesis?
Back
mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. It is transcribed from the DNA template and translated into a specific sequence of amino acids.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the process of transcription?
Back
Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the process of translation?
Back
Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein. This occurs in the ribosome.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Define phenotype and genotype.
Back
Phenotype refers to the observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, while genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a phenotypic ratio?
Back
A phenotypic ratio is the ratio of different phenotypes that appear in the offspring of a genetic cross.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a gamete?
Back
A gamete is a reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that contains half the genetic material of an organism, produced through meiosis.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a sister chromatid?
Back
Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together by a centromere and are formed during DNA replication.
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