Unit 0.1: Science & Research Terms

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Cultural norms

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Shared beliefs, values, and practices that are common in a particular society or group.

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Confirmation bias

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The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

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Hindsight bias

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The inclination to see events as having been predictable after they have already occurred.

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Overconfidence

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A cognitive bias characterized by an overestimation of one's actual ability to perform tasks or make accurate judgments.

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Experimental (incl. Random assignment)

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A research method involving the manipulation of variables to establish cause and effect, often using random assignment to control groups.

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Case Study (non-experimental)

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An in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or event to explore causation and find underlying principles.

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Correlation (non-experimental)

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A measure of the relationship between two variables, indicating how one may predict the other.

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Meta-analysis (non-experimental)

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A statistical technique for combining the findings from independent studies to determine the overall trend.

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Hypothesis

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A testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

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Falsifiable

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Capable of being disproven by experimental results.