Phylogenetic Trees and Cladograms

Front

What is a phylogenetic tree?

Back

A diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A type of phylogenetic tree that shows the relationships between organisms based on shared derived characteristics.

Front

What is a common ancestor?

Back

An ancestor that two or more descendant species have in common.

Front

What are derived characteristics?

Back

Traits that are newly evolved and not present in the common ancestor.

Front

What is the significance of the root in a phylogenetic tree?

Back

The root represents the most recent common ancestor of all the organisms in the tree.

Front

What do branches in a phylogenetic tree represent?

Back

Branches represent the evolutionary pathways and relationships between different species.

Front

What is the difference between homologous and analogous traits?

Back

Homologous traits are similar due to shared ancestry, while analogous traits are similar due to convergent evolution.

Front

What is the purpose of a phylogenetic tree?

Back

To illustrate the evolutionary history and relationships among species.

Front

What is a node in a phylogenetic tree?

Back

A point where a branch splits, representing a common ancestor of the descendant species.

Front

What is the term for organisms that lack tissues?

Back

Sponges.