2024 DNA, Reproduction, Genetics & Heredity Test

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What is natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. It is a key mechanism of evolution.

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What is antibiotic resistance?

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Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve and develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics that would normally kill them or inhibit their growth.

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What is a dominant allele?

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A dominant allele is a variant of a gene that will express its trait in the phenotype even if only one copy is present (e.g., P for purple flowers).

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What is a recessive allele?

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A recessive allele is a variant of a gene that only expresses its trait in the phenotype if two copies are present (e.g., p for white flowers).

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What is a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the genetic makeup of offspring from a cross between two parents.

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What is a chromosome?

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A chromosome is a long, organized structure of DNA and proteins that contains genes.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome, which can lead to changes in traits.

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How can scientists study mutations?

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Scientists can study mutations by making changes to the cell's genes and observing the resulting changes in traits or proteins.

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What is the probability of an offspring being purple if both parents are heterozygous (Pp)?

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The probability is 75% for purple offspring (PP or Pp) and 25% for white offspring (pp).

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What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection?

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Artificial selection is the intentional breeding of organisms for desired traits by humans, while natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.